Energy

Climate lawyers to sue State for missing carbon goals

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By Guy Page

As permitted by a controversial state law, the Conservation Law Foundation (CLF) announced yesterday it will sue the State of Vermont for failing to meet carbon emissions reduction benchmarks.

CLF is a Montpelier-based advocacy group with a 50-year-track record of filing suit on environmental issues. The announcement led opponents of the carbon emissions mandates to call for the repeal of the 2020 law that created them, the Global Warming Solutions Act.

In a letter sent July 23 to Agency of Natural Resources Secretary Julie Moore, CLF says ANR failed to meet the July 1 2024 deadline to review whether the State is on track to meet 2025 greenhouse gas emissions, adopt rules to ensure the emissions are met, and hold hearings “in areas and communities that have the most significant exposure to the impacts of climate change, including disadvantaged, low-income, and rural communities and areas.”

The 2020 Global Warming Solutions Act (see pg. 4) sets three carbon emission reduction goals: 25% by 1/1/2025, 40%, by 1/1/2030, and 80% by 1/1/2050. The GWSA specifically grants the right of lawsuit for failure to adopt the necessary rules (pg. 20): Any person may commence an action based upon the failure of the Secretary of Natural Resources to adopt or update rules pursuant to the deadlines in section 593 of this chapter.”

Furthermore – perhaps anticipating wayward or foot-dragging rule-making by the Scott administration – CLF reminded Moore that the Legislature alone controls the regulatory ruling arising from the GWSA, quoting state law that says “The General Assembly may repeal, revise, or modify any rule or amendment to any rule, and its action shall not be abridged, enlarged, or modified by subsequent rule.”

The GWSA merely mandated the carbon emission goals. The 2023 Affordable Heat Act of 2023 established the framework for the Public Utility Commission to design a Clean Heat Standard for approval by the Vermont General Assembly in 2025. 

The state’s Clean Heat Standard website states: “The Clean Heat Standard is intended to be the mechanism that facilitates thermal sector greenhouse gas emissions reductions as defined in the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2020 (GWSA) by creating a market incentive and programs that reduce Vermont’s residential, commercial, and industrial thermal sector greenhouse gas emissions.  The thermal sector primarily consists of heating and hot water for Vermont’s buildings.”

Developing the framework for requiring fuel dealers to pay extra to sell fossil fuels and diverting the proceeds to renewable power and thermal efficiency has proven more difficult and time-consuming than predicted by its supporters (but as difficult as predicted by its critics).  

But CLF is not interested in the state’s rationale for delays. 

“The Global Warming Solutions Act was not a suggestion. This critical legislation ensures we are on a path to cut carbon pollution because future generations deserve to enjoy the Vermont we love right now,” said Elena Mihaly, Vice President of CLF Vermont

Last session, Rep. Mark Higley (R-Lowell) sponsored a bill to repeal the Global Warming Solutions Act. The pending lawsuit underscores the need for the Legislature to act, said GWSA foe Alison Despathy of Danville.

All possible roads for state mandated carbon emission reductions result in increased costs for Vermonters for basic necessities,” she told VDC this morning. “Without meeting these unrealistic and destructive carbon reductions emission requirements then as we see here with this recent announcement by CLF, Vermont will be sued and the taxpayers will be burdened with legal fees. 

“Instead of spending money on Vermont and Vermonters – roads, housing, services – Vermonters money will go to lawyers and Vermont will be forced to pass destructive ‘punish and penalize’ laws as we are currently experiencing. 

“Vermont must repeal the GWSA and develop a plan that serves both the people and environment of Vermont,” Despathy said. 


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Categories: Energy

49 replies »

    • That’s not how the CLF and other NGO’s wrote the legislation. There is little recourse for the citizens of Vermont. In fact, if the plaintiff prevails- Vermont taxpayers shall pay the costs of litigation and the award. That’s the law.
      Until the public understands that the Vermont legislature codified the legal pilfering and grifting of the taxpayers of this state and vote to remove these corrupt legislators- organizations such as the CLF, VPIRG, VNRC and others will continue to:
      *Write, lobby and demand passage of their Climate Change™ legislation.
      * Litigate and collect taxpayer dollars awarded them in litigation.
      *Donate and Dictate to legislators their Climate Change™ demands
      *Continue this cycle, until some other “cause” appears more profitable.

      ALL of this was relentlessly addressed in 2020 and since- Rob Roper, The Thurston’s and dozens of other commentators warned us- but “we” voted in the same bunch of political hacks in 2022 – so this cabal can get rich, legally- from the Vermont taxpayer and ratepayer. Nobody escapes paying for the grift.

  1. “The Global Warming Solutions Act was not a suggestion. This critical legislation ensures we are on a path to cut carbon pollution because future generations deserve to enjoy the Vermont we love right now,” said Elena Mihaly, Vice President of CLF Vermont.

    Please note the “Future Generations” language in the above statement. The “Future Generations* Project was created by the World Economic Forum in the mid 1990s and incorporated into college campuses globally to propagandize youth to demand and implement a new eco-fascist-communistic global order. This was done as Klaus Shwab of the WEF Was creating Environmental, Social and Governmence (ESG), a new financial metric that will rate corporations and government bodies and other entities on compliance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

  2. Qui bono?
    Why the lawyers of course…
    Who loses?
    Why the People of course…

    • Have to wonder what the VTGOP is drinking, because they don’t say anything, and they are certainly divorced from reality. Reality in Vermont is a bit overrated.

      “Pay up serf, we’ll sell your house at tax sale and throw you in jail for crimes against the environment.” Vermont leaders under the golden dome.

    • So now we have ambulance chasing lawyers suing Vermonters because progressive liberal legislators passed BS laws making the use of fossil fuels illegal, though the use of fossil fuels does not cause climate change! Begs the question of whether or not the progressive liberal dingbat legislators are in cahoots with the ambulance chasing CLF lawyers. Ms Milhay was right, “… the Global Warming Solutions Act was not a suggestion.” — It was a deliberate progressive / liberals planned outline for greed, corruption and swindling that has been obvious since 2020! Vermonters of today are going to pay, and our “…future generations…” are going to pay as well. Big time.
      The Vermont I enjoyed and loved disappeared when these out-of-state, carpetbagger crooks came into office…

    • Seriously? These grifters think themselves far above mere “ambulance chasers”. This is legalized corruption on a statewide scale. And voters begged for it. Collusion? Influence pedaling?
      https://vermontdailychronicle.com/powerful-senate-chair-lobbyist-in-apparent-relationship/
      Nepotism and Conflicts of Interest?
      https://vermontdailychronicle.com/roper-vt-energy-policy-saving-the-planet-or-feathering-nests/
      https://vermontdailychronicle.com/roper-conflicts-of-interest-in-the-renewable-energy-standard-working-group/
      Flat out lies?
      https://vermontdailychronicle.com/roper-lies-and-the-lying-liars-who-legislate/
      Not funny how senate natural resources chair christopher bray of Bristol is enmeshed in it all. Just exactly how ignorant has Vermont’s citizens become? How easily influenced and indoctrinated?

    • A good deal of Dem/Progs I’ve talked to were literally unaware that the Legislature could override Scott’s vetoes, so: VERY. And the numbers\ of them starting to back moderate GoP candidates is growing.

    • The Vermont GOP, The Gutless Opposition Party? They wouldn’t rock the uniparty boat. Republican leaders in Vermont can be counted on one hand and Phil Scott isn’t one of them. Where’s their promotion of Trump or will they all vote for the Cackler in chief wannabe?

  3. Vermont is OWNED by lobbyists and the administrative state.

    So, the administrative state passes laws, not by vote, but by decree, and one of the other administrative players makes it such that they can sue the citizens if they don’t get what they want.

    So, the deep state gets to sue the Vermont citizens if they don’t get what they want, AND if they don’t pay, they’ll foreclose on your house at a tax sale.

    Welcome to the new world order, you will own nothing and be happy, there words, not mine.

    We are the canary in the coal mine….

    • Exactly, a new type of slavery has merged where Americans are stripped systematically of their wealth and assets in the name of global equity and environmentalism. Our financial resources will be stripped by legislative policies to redistribute them to developing and third world countries to create more equal financial outcomes among nations.

    • Neil, work to elect four more Republican Senators that 11 of them can sustain Governor Scott’s next veto of the next dangerous piece of legislation.

    • HI John,

      I have yet to get financially whole from my last foray into Vermont Politics, what I witnessed and experienced, what I’ve seen since then has led me to think at this point it is wiser to stay on the side lines. They do not want any change, they do not want a majority, there is a divisive spirit, might as well be working in the opposite party to get people elected.

      There are many people who have a good understanding of our playground, what certainly doesn’t work, what needs to be changed and why we are where we are. Sadly, they are not of any consequence, though a dozen or so people working in harmony could make a difference. Vermont is subverted, so it will take some massive restructuring, it will take massive education, to which is extremely difficult in our “brave little state”….

      It’s an asymmetrical playground, so it’s wise not to use conventional means, otherwise we become cannon fodder. What you suggest is a wise strategy. However, there is no team, there is no support, there is no plan, without which, even say you had good candidates to run….maybe a 20-30% chance of pulling it off.

      We need to build a bench, a team, we don’t even have American loving patriots running the show in Vermont, so respectfully I’m going to pass this time. God Speed to those running this election.

      One has to examine the cost before building house, going to war, looking to make changes. This is something all businesspeople in Vermont do, they are waiting for some leadership to come around.

  4. Is there sufficient awareness of the climayscam to force Dems out of the Legislature?
    Much progress is being made to assure fair voting.
    Never give up.

  5. Is wood a “fossil fuel”? I would suggest people look into “Russian Stoves” (brick) and kits (www.tempcast.com) as they burn any kind of wood, you light one fire a day, and they have been used for centuries in climates much colder than ours. That being said, what’s the “carbon footprint” on allowing in 9 to 11 MILLION 3rd worlder’s and taxing US to give them ALL the freebies one could wish for? These last 4 years have been a nightmare of stifling US Energy, like clean burning Gas, domestic oil, etc. that have made inflation rampant beggaring us. And I’ll bet that just ONE day’s “emissions” by China & India are equal to TEN of tiny Vermont’s and her measly 600,000 people.

  6. WOW…just WOW…can these legislators do any more damage to this state..? How on earth can ANYONE in good conscience vote for these people after all they’ve done! SO FRUSTRATING!!

  7. Hi Guy, this is Rep. Sibilia.

    The notice from the Conservation Law Foundation is a warning about a possible lawsuit, not an actual lawsuit.

    The GWSA law required 60 days notice be given to ANR by anyone who wanted to suit for violations of the law. We required that notice in order to reduce the chances for costly litigation and provide ANR with enough time to try to resolve differences of opinion out of court.

    The notice points out that CLF believes ANR is not following the law and is using wrong information for predictions, and also that the law requires the public to be a part of these decisions.

    Of course any citizen can sue for enforcement of our laws, and then it is up to the courts to determine what the legislature meant, what the executive branch is doing and then determine if or how to direct the executive branch to solve the conflict in keeping with legislative intent.

    The GWSA is very deliberate in providing clarity about challenges to the law, what violations a lawsuit could be brought forward on, and how to remedy the violation. Speaking as a sponsor and supporter of GWSA, legislators were deliberate about that clarity and remedy in order to REDUCE the likelihood of a lawsuit and also to REDUCE the ways the court could solve the problem, thereby REDUCING the potential time or cost to reach a resolution.

    • Only someone who believes that CO2 is our largest problem could come up with that logic.

      YIKES!

    • ms. rep. sibilia expects kudos for her pearls of wisdom? Fat chance. She is as enmeshed in the current political super-majority as christopher bray, just less obvious about it. sibilia is one of the cabal that understands that no amount of reduction in CO2 in Vermont nets ANY change in climate.
      Climate Change™ is but a way to allow politicians to further their quests for money and power. 60 days notice to sue was a contrived addition to the legislation allowing groups to grift from the Vermont taxpayer. As is well documented here and elsewhere, the various committees, boards and working groups cannot come to consensus to write the regulations required by the overarching laws passed so far- an obvious set-up for the NGO’s to begin their litigation.
      Well done, ms. rep. sibilia.

    • You passed legislation that opens up the state to “costly lawsuits” for things that are not readily controllable by any living person. You then claim that you included a 60 day notice period to reduce the risk of “costly lawsuits”.

      You and your “bought-and-paid-for-by-Soros” friends are a disgrace.

    • Hi Laura,

      Using wrong information for predictions? So, you don’t’ even know if there is a “crime”? How is this defending the constitution? Why is it that these organizations are running the state not you or the people? My experience is nothing happens in 60 days in ANY Vermont court, it takes two years for small claims court, so CLEARLY what you say is dis-ingenuine at best, more likely a bold face lie.

      It is very helpful in getting laws passed that nobody asked for or wants to follow huh?

      Some of us were given Marxist decoder rings for Christmas, your sophisticated language won’t have the same effect it does on indoctrinated people. We see through your lies and can expose them in seconds.

      Please feel free to comment and rebut on this site, its where free speech happens, and critical thought is used. Should be fun for everyone.

    • I think it’s called a shake down. Others call it grifting, these might be more accurate terms to describe what is going on.

      Of course, legally done and sanctioned by you no less. Gee thanks!

    • Hi Laura – the story states the 60 day notification in the letter. And the language of the letter upgrades your assessment of “possible” to “highly likely/inevitable” IMHO.

    • Ms. Sibilia,

      I sincerely appreciate your attempt at offering transparency on this story. I have an extremely important question that needs to be unpacked. Please inform the citizentry of Vermont, which of our politicians (yourself included) are taking payments from the United Nations Foundation via the U.S. Climate Alliance to implement the United Nations Sustainable Development agenda. A government watch dog came forward and provided the tax returns for the United Nations Foundation, which reported funds being paid to U.S politicians and their staff members to implement the “Sustainability” agenda. Vermont is listed as a state that has received this money. Link to article provided below. Any information you can provide on this issue, which represents a direct conflict of interest, is greatly appreciated.

      https://www.foxnews.com/politics/united-nations-foundation-quietly-fueling-climate-policy-funding-staff-dem-states

      Sincerely,
      Christine Stone
      Vermont taxpayer and resident

    • Below is a link to the Climate Alliance Home Page, there you will see the 24 Governors in Photos with their Names and the states they so-call represent, all smiling and so happy to destroy their citizens livelihoods with the fake political scam of Climate Change, while they have no problem heating their own homes or making ends meet. Hmmmm, pay for play anyone? And, yes, Governor Scott is shown as one of the Governors, smiling, so happy to oblige. (Guam is not a State, as we all know, however it’s listed as participating) – that’s interesting.

      https://usclimatealliance.org/members/

    • Sibilia claimed at the Chamber meeting in Wilmington this spring that H.5 was her baby. She thinks because her bill does not actually outlaw fossil fuels, it does not take away our freedom to choose our heat choices. Her baby just makes our fuel choices unaffordable. These idiots have to go. Vote RED!

  8. I’m just waiting for the case to be filed. Copying a case isn’t illegal and as soon as they file I can file. If everyone were to file, it would create a huge mess.

    Might as well make money off of the sinking ship…

  9. Who and what is measuring the CO2? Where are they gathering emission data, who are the missionaries? Have they monitored the air movements. India and China are the big polluters and that air moves over the US just as did the spying air balloons from China. Air moves fro West to east caused by the Earth’s rotation and resultant Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere Pilots learn off this air movement, I did. El Nino is also a factor. So Vter’s will be paying for pollution from outside countries. Russia isn’t air quality concerned as well.

    This is all crapology and Lawyers will do anything to make financial killings. And shows how stupid Montpelier is. For Socialist legislators passing stupid laws because (I feel good about it):, isn’t reality. Lawyers won again

    Ya think the Legislators could pass legislation demanding China, India & Russia pay for their polluted air over VT and pass the lawyer bills onto them? Let them figure out how to measure the separate air from these countries and bill them. Gives them something to think about instead of taxing everything.

    For relevance, the Earth’s land mass is 58,000,000 sq miles. Vermont’s land mass is 9,250 sq miles. Vermont is 0.000159t5 % of the total but is being taxed the most by the Liberal mindset for CO2 being undefined / measured. Regarding the lawyers (money suckers) goal is not to correct the issues, but to enhance bank accounts at taxpayer expense. Judges are in cahoots., easily done in Socialist VT. If lawyers didn’t have CO2 to breath they’d be non functional. Live and learn on the facts.

    • Vermont trees and co2

      1. Vermont tree cover area

      1 Hectare is 0.01 Sq. kilometer

      Area of Vermont is 24,000 square kM = 2.4 million hectare = 2.4 M hectares
      Tree covered = 2M hectare (estimated)

      2. Vermont forest Co2 removal rate

      Source:
      https://onetreeplanted.org/blogs/stories/how-much-co2-does-tree-absorb *

      note t = tons MT = metric tons

      ** Forest removal rate, median =17tco2/ha/year
      MT = .91 t; removal rate = 15.5 MT co2/ha/year

      Vermont removal
      15.5 MT co2/ha/year x 2M ha = 31M MT / year

      Vermont co2 emission 8 M MT / year **

      Vermont net emissions (less forest removal rate)

      8M MT/ year -31M MT / year = – 23M MT / year

      These carpet bagger lawyers should be paying us!


      *Source: https://vermontbiz.com/news/2021/may/20/vermont-makes-progress-carbon-reduction-new-state-report

      WTF:

      1. It is stated Vermont emits about 1/100th of the carbon emissions of the United States.
      2. Vermont is largely tree covered with an estimated annual Co2 removal rate almost four times greater than its annual Co2 emissions.

  10. i am a lawyer and i need a job////// these crooks are like the crooks looting new york city property owners///// now, there is only one way to stop them//// bring them in front of the judge////

    • Judges are nothing more than corrupt lawyers in black robes, often selected by corrupt lawyers in a legislatures or political appointment. Trump has proven my point, except for FL Judge Aileen Cannon and three conservative SCOTUS justices.

      For instance, a Judge in NYC fined Trump $450 million for business dealings that weren’t true and backed up by bankers and alike business people., no killings. Yet Boeing got fine $350 million that killed 350+ people in two crashes caused by improper construction and maintenance. Criminals in black robes.

  11. Christine,

    You might check in with the Secretary of States Office or the Treasurer’s Office on your question. A quick look at the Vermont Campaign Finance registry did not yield any results. It’s the first I’ve heard of the funding, and no, I have not received any funding from the U.N.

    Reading the Fox News article, which unfortunately does not link to source documents for most of their claims, making it really difficult to verify what they are claiming, I did a little digging and my guess is the funds referenced may have come in as a result of this commitment by Governor Scott: http://governor.vermont.gov/press-release/governor-phil-scott-joins-us-climate-alliance-governors-applauding-unites-states

    Again, I’d check in with the Administrative and Executive Officers for more detail.

  12. Thank you for your prompt response. I also noted that a link to the source document was not provided, but as the document was a tax return, I am not surprised. I will check with the Secretary of State. Although, I contacted this office previously for other concerns and did not receive a response.

    • If you really want to be sure and want an accurate answer you need to send a FOIA request. 1 V.S.A. §§ 315-320 will give you the details but it’s really easy. Your query is public record and recorded as well so keep that in mind.

  13. Given the several real crises in Vermont including healthcare and its soaring costs, the failing education system and its exorbitant and escalating price (fueled partly by the healthcare system and the generous benefits in union contracts), the terrible toll of drug addiction and the crime underlying it, climate absurdity reigns in this Legislature.

    Commiting billions of future taxpayer and consumer dollars attempting a complex scheme to reduce carbon emissions on 0.00016 % (Thanks, Tom for the arithmetic) of the earth’s landmass, an effect that cannot be measured, defies common sense. GSWA should be repealed.

    Vermont is rapidly becoming economically unsustainable. One of these days, voters will either wake up and vote these ideologues out of office or leave the state. Sensible legislators will tackle the other far more pressing problems facing VT.

  14. The chickens come home to roost for the Dem-Prog Groupthink! And the voter get to pay more!

  15. What nonsense. The bill needs to be repealed. It’s a totally arbitrary goal that is impossible to attain, and it creates a completely bogus standing for special interests to sue over it.

  16. I hope this comment doesn’t get lost in the ether.

    The lawsuit is our future — unless, we put a stop to it by electing 11 Republican Senators who will vote to sustain each time Governor Scott vetoes bad legislation. Read below how possible it can be when you project a new narrative that Democrats and Independents can agree upon. They also see how the G.A. is in the hands of non-profits being fed by wealthy Foundations and could be open to putting the brakes on.

    Believe this: the Clean Heat Standard is the first installment to make Vermont comply with the GWSA. The other half is a carbon tax added to our gas pump. Next May, the Senate will have a floor fight on the revised Transportation and Climate Initiative (TCI — remember?). Governor Scott will veto it. We’ll need 11 Republican Senators ready to sustain the veto.

    Read the following:

    Vermont Needs a Checkmate Move

    I am a Vermont Democrat working with Republican Candidate Steven Heffernan to defeat Senator Chris Bray. Steven is one-quarter of the help I need to see the Clean Heat Standard (CHS) stored on a floppy disk when Governor Scott vetoes it next May.

    The math is this clear to me: Last year seven Republican and three Democratic Senators voted to sustain Governor Scott’s veto of the CHS. I need four Republican Senate Candidates to win the election. Steven sees that as a primary goal as well.

    With eleven Republican Senators, the Party takes on a new power. It becomes a broker of bi-partisan legislation.

    Lets say, the Democratic Chairman of the Education Committee wants to bring his bill to the floor. Governor Scott is familiar with it and has problems that he shares with.Senator Brock. Brock can go to the Chairman and open a discussion to resolve their differences with the bill. If the Democrats fail to accept that request and refuse to negotiate, Senator Brock can then say the Governor will veto it and we 11 Senators will vote to sustain. So, Mr. Chairman, either meet our request to have a bi-partisan discussion; or your bill is dead today — unless you reconsider.

    Isn’t that an obvious achievable solution to blocking enactment of terrible legislation; as long as Governor Scott, or his Republican successor are present to provide that minority wall. Senate Republicans can put the brakes on any new legislation that will bring more economic pain to Vermonters.

    Republican Chairs must use this opportunity to mobilize all voters to see the necessity to shift the Senate with 11 or more Republican Senators. You and they can right this ship of State.

    Businesses, you should speak out and support this Checkmate Campaign. The CHS is going to increase your and my fuel 70 cents/gal. and more.

    John McCormick
    571-331-1066

  17. What people miss, likely b/c they want to play nice (God knows why), is that this is a war against white straight people, mostly men, and however they get your net worth is how they will get it. Whatever you white men do, it will be illegal.
    I said it. Sue me. Being white will be illegal soon, unless you’re a progtard male feminist cucked POS. That’s why the proggies march out their most ridiculous zombies and cyborgs.

    • RGB, your are one of 35 comments that entirely missed the point of this bit of news. Money from rich foundations is feeding some NGOs here in Vermont and they want to raise the cost of heating our homes and driving. Climate Council is a lot of white folk. We can put on their brakes but it will take a lot of people voting for Republican Senators.

    • John McCormick hits the nail on the head…

      NGO’s here in VT run the legislation and your local town offices. They have more money than anyone in VT and get paid to make sure that certain outcomes happen.

      Stopping them is the point, and having some Senators more aware of this and able to say no is key (left or right wing at this point since it’s the same bird that’s flying us into bankruptcy).

  18. The truth is that this whole “climate crisis” is simply our planet doing what planets do.. and try as we may we will never control it.. We need to accept the hard fact that learning how to adapt to a changing climate is our current challenge. humans have done it for centuries. There are things we can’t control..I know that’s scary to the climate alarmists out there but GET REAL! We’re on to you..

  19. If Elena Mihaly is Rep. Mihaly’s daughter, which I think she is, it’s amazing she would involve herself while her father is serving the state. Conflict of interest?

    • Marc Mihaly and daughter, Elena Mihaly, are clearly pictured on Marc Mihaly’s Meet Marc web page.

      This potential Conservation Law Foundation lawsuit creates a blatant conflict of interest.

  20. Conservation Law Foundation, a non-profit (with multi-million$ in their til) lobbying organization. They twisted arms, wined and dined, made dirty deals with our representatives to their agenda into law. In turn, they are now suing us (our money, our resources) for their done dirty deeds.

    The Vermont laborer/taxpayer is being fleeced by collusion between lobbyists and elected officials. Legalized fraud utilizing the court system to take more than they’ve all ready stolen. One only has to look at who benefits from this lawfare warfare by the connected and selected white-collar criminals. Collusion and conspiracy to commit fraud – funny how so many lawyers and officials are involved in circumventing federal code to enrich themselves.

  21. At this point I think it’s fairly obvious that Ms. Sibilia is far out of her depth. I hate to use Ann Coulter’s obnoxious phrase “went to the wrong schools,” but in some cases it really does apply. “Laura holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and an Associate of Science in Hospitality Management from Champlain College in Burlington, VT, with additional studies [in what?] at the Massachusetts College for Liberal Arts in North Adams, MA.” Everyone should be true to their school, and proud of their school, and make their school proud of them, but to have this person birth a ‘baby’ (her words) with vast existential implications for the state is unfair to everyone involved. Also, she has now pitted herself against the mighty Koch Brothers: good luck, Xena! I must say, the “Associate of Science in Hospitality Management” is being put to good use from the perspective of those who hate leaf-peepers and other tourists, since the Clean Heat Standard will surely decimate our hospitality industry, the maple industry, agri-tourism, restaurants, and countless other businesses that once made Vermont seem like a welcoming place.