The valor of a Vermonter, in peace and war

by Timothy Page

Brigadier General Lewis Addison Grant, born on January 17, 1828, in Winhall, Vermont, embodied the spirit of a true hero through his multifaceted career as a teacher, lawyer, soldier in the Union Army, and later as the United States Assistant Secretary of War. Grant’s remarkable contributions during the American Civil War, including his personal gallantry and intrepidity, earned him the Medal of Honor and established him as one of Vermont’s leading military figures. This article explores the extraordinary life and accomplishments of Brigadier General Lewis A. Grant, shedding light on his military service, political endeavors, and enduring legacy.

Early Life and Professional Pursuits:

Lewis Grant’s formative years were shaped by the picturesque landscapes of Vermont. He received his education at the district school of Townshend, Vermont, and later attended the academy in Chester, Vermont. Grant’s commitment to education led him to teach in various locations, including New Jersey, Chester, Vermont, and near Boston. Simultaneously, he pursued a legal career, eventually being admitted to the bar in 1855 and establishing his law practice in Bellows Falls, Vermont.

Civil War Service and Leadership:

In response to the call for troops during the American Civil War, Lewis Grant enlisted in the Union Army on September 16, 1861, as a major of the 5th Vermont Infantry. His exceptional leadership skills propelled him through the ranks, earning him promotions to lieutenant colonel on September 25, 1861, and colonel on September 16, 1862. Grant’s dedication and bravery were evident on numerous battlefields, including the Battle of Fredericksburg, where he was wounded.

Grant’s leadership reached its pinnacle when he assumed command of the renowned Vermont Brigade, leading it during the pivotal Gettysburg Campaign in 1863. His strategic acumen and unwavering courage played a crucial role in the brigade’s successes during the campaign.

Medal of Honor and Promotions:

On May 3, 1863, during the Battle of Salem Church, Grant, then serving as a colonel in the 5th Vermont Infantry of the Union Army, displayed exceptional bravery and leadership. The battle took place near Fredericksburg, Virginia, during the Chancellorsville Campaign.

Grant’s regiment was part of General John Sedgwick’s VI Corps, which was ordered to assault Confederate positions entrenched behind a stone wall. As the Union troops advanced, they came under heavy fire, causing many soldiers to hesitate or seek cover.

Colonel Grant, however, fearlessly rallied his men and led them forward. He climbed atop the stone wall and, with his hat in hand, waved and shouted encouragement to his troops, urging them to press on. His display of personal bravery and leadership inspired his men to follow him in a determined charge against the Confederate positions.

Grant’s actions played a crucial role in rallying the Union troops and disrupting the Confederate defenses. Despite facing heavy fire and sustaining casualties, the Union forces managed to break through the Confederate lines and achieve a tactical victory at Salem Church.

For his conspicuous gallantry and leadership during this battle, Colonel Lewis A. Grant was awarded the Medal of Honor on May 11, 1893, for “personal gallantry and intrepidity displayed in the management of his brigade and in leading it in the assault in which he was wounded.”

Grant’s exceptional military service and meritorious contributions led to his appointment as a brigadier general of volunteers on April 27, 1864. He further received the honor of being commissioned as a brevet major general of volunteers on October 19, 1864, in recognition of his gallant and meritorious services during the Richmond campaign and in the Shenandoah Valley.

Post-War Contributions and Political Career:

Following the Civil War, Lewis Grant’s commitment to service continued as he embarked on a distinguished political career. He resided in Illinois, Iowa, and finally settled in Minnesota. Grant’s son, Ulysses Sherman Grant, became a notable professor of geology at Northwestern University.

Grant’s dedication to public service led him to serve as the Assistant U.S. Secretary of War during the administration of President Benjamin Harrison. In this role, he brought his expertise and leadership to bear on matters concerning the nation’s defense and military affairs.

Legacy and Recognition:

Lewis A. Grant’s enduring legacy extends beyond his military and political achievements. In 1893, he became a member of the District of Columbia Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, actively participating in commemorations and events honoring the sacrifices of the nation’s founding generation. Grant’s membership in the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States further attests to his commitment to honoring and preserving the memory of those who served.

Brigadier General Lewis A. Grant passed away on March 20, 1918, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He was laid to rest in Lakewood Cemetery, where his memory and contributions continue to be honored.

Grant’s remarkable journey from a humble upbringing in Vermont to becoming a decorated military leader and influential political figure exemplifies the true spirit of valor and dedication. His contributions during the American Civil War, including his Medal of Honor recognition, solidified his place among Vermont’s esteemed military heroes. His story serves as a testament to the sacrifices and courage of those who fought for their beliefs, leaving an indelible mark on the fabric of our nation.